Discrete element modelling of large soil deformations under heavy vehicles

This paper addresses the challenges of creating realistic models soil for simulations heavy vehicles on weak terrain. We modelled dense soils using discrete element method with variable parameters surface friction, normal cohesion, and rolling resistance. To find out what type can be represented, we measured internal friction bulk cohesion over 100 different virtual samples. test model, simulated rut formation from a vehicle loads strengths. conclude that relevant space frictional frictional-cohesive represented model is applicable simulation large deformations induced by